HD TV Reviews

Picture Archiving And Communication System Pacs

I. Introduction
Timely management of medical imaging information is one of the greatest challenges facing medicine today. Patients with complex medical problems may require a large number of radiologic studies, which may be performed at physically separate locations; as a result, preexisting studies may be inadvertently duplicated. Simultaneous access to radiologic images may be needed for accurate interpretation. In addition, multiple physicians caning for a patient may want to review the images. As medical centers increase in size, illnesses increase in complexity, and the demand for rapid transfer of information increases accordingly, the capacity of film-based radiologic systems to meet these demands decreases. Films are often unavailable or lost, and film storage costs are relatively high. Systems designed to store images in computers and display them on high-resolution monitors have been developed over the past 10-12 years. These picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) attempt to overcome the limitations of film-based systems by providing economical storage, rapid retrieval of individual images, access to images acquired with multiple modalities, and simultaneous access to the same image at multiple sites. However, acceptance of this new technology has been limited by high capital costs, limited spatial resolution of the display monitors, limited spatial resolution of digitization modalities for projection radiography, slow image display (compared with that in film-based systems), and the need for system redundancy to provide backup in case of component failure. Most PACS in current use are prototypes intended for research, although recently some have been incorporated into segments of larger radiology department
PACS are computers or networks dedicated to the storage, retrieval, distribution and presentation of images. The medical images are stored in an independent format. The most common format for image storage is DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). Most PACSs handle images from various medical imaging instruments, including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), endoscopy (ENDO), mammograms (MAMMO), digital radiography (DR), computed radiography (CR) etc.

II. Picture archiving and communication system

The principles of PACS were first discussed at meetings of radiologists in 1982. Various people are credited with the coinage of the term PACS. Cardiovascular radiologist Dr Andre Duerinckx reported in 1983 that he had first used the term in 1981. Dr Samuel Dwyer, though, credits Dr Judith M. Prewitt for introducing the term. Dr Harold Glass, a medical physicist working in London in the early 1990s secured UK Government funding and managed the project over many years which transformed Hammersmith Hospital in London as the first filmless hospital in the United Kingdom. Dr Glass died a few months after the project came live but is credited with being one of the pioneers of PACS Organizational techniques that enable small departments to function efficiently often fail as departments become larger. With the recent growth in imaging technology, the capacity of film-based systems to meet the increasing needs of radiology departments has decreased. Electronic PACS have been developed in an attempt to provide economical storage, rapid retrieval of images, access to images acquired with multiple modalities, and simultaneous access at multiplies sites. Input to a PACS may come from digital or analog sources (when the latter have been digitized). A PACS consists primarily of an image acquisition device (an electronic gateway to the system), data management system (a specialized computer system that controls the flow of information on the network), image storage devices (both short- and long-term archives), transmission network (which serves local on wide areas), display stations (which include a computer, text monitor, image monitors, and a user interface), and devices to produce hard-copy images (currently, a multiformat or laser camera). The goals of PACS are to improve operational efficiency while maintaining or improving diagnostic ability. A. Image Acquisition Modules
An image acquisition device is an electronic gateway to the PACS and may be an analog-to-digital converter or device that passes along digital information from a digital imaging device. The number of acquisition modules necessary for a PACS to function varies with the system and is based on its size and the mix of analog and digital input devices.

B. Data Management System
The data management system is a specialized computer that controls the
network, image storage devices, and image acquisition devices in order to maintain orderly traffic flow in the system. This computer manages patient information and images as well as the associated reports. The data management system must provide short- and long-term archiving capabilities. Usually, the short-term archive employs magnetic media, and the long-term archive employs optical media. The short-term anchive has low capacity but is frequently used (ie, high utilization), whereas the long-term archive has high capacity and low utilization.

C. Transmission Network
Data for images, text, and system commands are transmitted over networks serving local or wide areas. The network medium could be a twisted-pain wire, coaxial cable, on fibenoptic cable. A variety of network topologies (eg, star) are available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In addition, several
communication protocols (eg, transmission control protocol/internet protocol [TCP/IP]) exist for managing the information on the network. These protocols provide instructions on how data will be moved on the network.

D. Image Display Stations
Image display stations are the principal area of physician interface with a PACS. A display station includes a computer with local stunage, a text monitor, a variable number of image monitors, and a user interface. A display station that can duplicate the full range of tasks, speed of display, and spatial resolution available with film systems has not yet been constructed. In fact, the cost of creating such
a station would be formidable. To help minimize the potential costs, studies have been undertaken to determine the minimal spatial and contrast resolution necessary to perform a variety of imaging tasks. This information may then be used to create a series of workstations with different levels of sophistication so that appropriate equipment may be selected for the task at hand.

E. Hard-Copy Devices
Although the major mode of storage and display with a PACS is electronic, provision must also be made for creating a conventional im age on x-ray film. Multiformat cameras on laser cameras are currently the most common way of meeting this demand.

F. Interfaces to Other Systems
To function properly, the image management system must interface with other patient care management systems. These include but need not be limited to a radiology information system (IllS) and a hospital information system (HIS). The goals of interfacing the PACS to an RIS and an HIS are to maintain data integrity across the global system and to optimize the performance of each component system by using only the specific data needed fon each. The 1115 provides basic patient histories, reporting of results, and collection of data for department management. The HIS manages the demographic standards and distributes patient care information throughout the medical center.

III. A Radiologic Picture Archiving and Communication System for a Coronary Care Unit
I chose the radiologic picture archiving and communication system for a coronary care unit (CCU) at a 700-bed teaching hospital ,as an example in my project for PACS. The major components of this PACS module are located in the Radiology Department and are shared with the Pediatric Radiology PACS. An important design goal was to create a system in which acquisition, routing, and management of patients’ image data are accomplished with minimal operator intervention. The automatic acquisition of images is achieved through linkage of a computed radiography (CR) unit, FCR-1 01 (Fuji Photo Film, Kanagawa, Japan) to an external host, VAX-i i /750 minicomputer (Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, MA.) These two components are integrated through an interface unit that was developed in-house. The host computer is used to manage the processing and flow of data from creation, storage, and archive to display.
Under normal conditions, the only manual operation required for data input and subsequent management of the data base is the entry of the patient’s name, hospital identification (ID) number, and hospital section code at the CR console. This task is performed by the X-ray technologist at the time the imaging plate is processed. Once this is completed, the remainder of the process is fully automated. The software that is resident on the host computer detects the incoming imaging plate and initiates the data transfer from the CR unit. The hospital section code is used to route the image to an appropriate data base (in this case, the CCU data base). The raw image data acquired at 2048 x 2048 x 8 bit resolution are reformatted into the standard image file structure defined for the
PACS and then archived. Subsequently, the image file is subsampled to 51 2 x 51 2 x 8 bit resolution for display purposes and the patient directory is updated to include the new entry. Active patient images are stored on magnetic disk for rapid access. Forty-five megabytes of disk space have been allocated for the CCU data base, which provides a maximum of 180 images on-line. The images are also automatically archived to an optical disk library unit manufactured by Filenet Costa Mesa, CA) and Hitachi (Tokyo, Japan). When a patient is selected at the user terminal in the CCU, the image files are loaded on a Gould 1P8500 image processor (Fremont, CA), and the video output signals are transmitted in real-time to the CCU via a broadband network. Three channels are multiplexed with Blonder-Tongue video modulators (Oldbridge, NJ) operating with 8-MHz bandwidths. The viewing station in the CCU consists of three 13-in. (30-cm) diagonal, 5i 2-line display monitors (Panasonic Industrial Company, Secaucus, NJ) and a VT-i 00 terminal for user interface.

A. User Interface
The user interacts with the system through a VT-i 00 terminal keypad. A directory of patients and various image manipulation functions are provided in a menu format. In a typical viewing session, the clinician first selects a patient from the alphabetic active-patient directory. The terminal prompts the user to wait while the data base is searched. Images appear on the three monitors in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent image (Fig. 2). The information appearing at the bottom portion of the image includes the patient’s name and hospital identification number, as well as the date and time of image acquisition. At this point, the viewer may return to the directory, view more images of the current patient, or apply an image manipulation function. The image manipulation functions include zoom (by pixel replication), mean-and-window, grayscale inversion, left-right reversal, and image rotation.

B. Data Bases
The data bases use the indexed sequential access method (ISAM) files. The record for the patient data base contains information such as the patient’s name, hospital identification number, number of images acquired to date, and the image code, which is issued automatically when the patient is entered into the data base for the first time. The image code also serves as the primary key for the image data-base record, which provides information associated with the individual image file, including the date of acquisition, procedure, current location of the image (magnetic disk, optical disk, or both), and the volume and physical address of the optical disk archive. The images are deleted from the magnetic disk according to a probability algorithm that determines which images are least likely to be reviewed.
For a returning patient, the most recent image is retrieved.
automatically from the optical disk library for comparison purposes.

C. Clinical Operation
The CCU is one of the largest intensive care units in the hospital. It is located five floors above and 1000 ft. (300 m) away from the Radiology Department. This busy unit has an average daily occupancy of 25.9 patients, and the average duration of stay in the unit is 4.4 days. During their stay in the CCU, 72% of patients have at least one chest radiograph. On the average, 10 chest examinations are performed each day, about half of them with a mobile unit. Because use of the mobile unit is often indicative of the critical condition of the patient, a protocol has been established to make these images (about five examinations per day) immediately available to the CCU physicians through the digital viewing system. Traditionally, in order to view films, the physician would have to walk to the Radiology Department to check out the patient’s film jacket, a procedure that can be quite time-consuming. After a month long preclinical trial, the system was released to the CCU physicians for their use. The system was available at all times, and physicians could choose between the film-based viewing system and the digital viewing system. The decision to release the system for clinical use without restriction was based on the premise that the functionality of a computer-based system ought to be defined and evaluated within the normal task environment. The usage and performance of the system were logged into a file to provide (1) the name and hospital identification number of the patient reviewed, (2) the date and time of viewing, (3) image manipulation function(s) used, (4) the identification of the image manipulated, and (5) the speed of various operations.

IV. DICOM Images
DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. Its standard was created by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) to aid the distribution and viewing of medical images, such as CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasound. Part 10 of the standard describes a file format for the distribution of images. This format is an extension of the older NEMA standard. Most people refer to image files which are compliant with Part 10 of the DICOM standard as DICOM format files. A single DICOM file contains both a header (which stores information about the patient’s name, the type of scan, image dimensions, etc), as well as all of the image data (which can contain information in three dimensions). This is different from the popular Analyze format, which stores the image data in one file (*.img) and the header data in another file (*.hdr). Another difference between DICOM and Analyze is that the DICOM image data can be compressed (encapsulated) to reduce the image size. Files can be compressed using lossy or lossless variants of the JPEG format, as well as a lossless Run-Length Encoding format (which is identical to the packed-bits compression found in some TIFF format images).

A. The DICOM header
The below Image shows a hypothetical DICOM image file. In this example, the first 794 bytes are used for a DICOM format header, which describes the image dimensions and retains other text information about the scan. The size of this header varies depending on how much header information is stored. Here, the header defines an image which has the dimensions 109x91x2 voxels, with a data resolution of 1 byte per voxel (so the total image size will be 19838). The image data follows the header information (the header and the image data are stored in the same file).Furthermore, the DICOM header is shown. The DICOM requires a 128-byte preamble (these 128 bytes are usually all set to zero), followed by the letters ‘D’, ‘I’, ‘C’, ‘M’. This is followed by the header information, which is organized in ‘groups’. For example, the group 0002hex is the file meta information group, and (in the example on the left) contains 3 elements: one defines the group length, one stores the file version and the third stores the transfer syntax.
The DICOM elements required depends on the image type. For example, this image modality is ‘MR’ (see group : element 0008:0060), so it should have elements to describe the MRI echo time. The absence of this information in this image is a violation of the DICOM standard. In practice, most DICOM format viewers (including MRIcro and ezDICOM) do not check for the presence of most of these elements, extracting only the header information which describes the image size.
The NEMA standard preceded DICOM, and the structure is very similar, with many of the same elements. The main difference is that the NEMA format does not have the 128-byte data offset buffer or the lead characters ‘DICM’. In addition, NEMA did not explicitly define multi-frame(3D) images, so element 0028,0008 was not present.
Of particular importance is group : element 0002:0010. This defines the ‘Transfer Syntax Unique Identification’. This value reports the structure of the image data, revealing whether the data has been compressed. Note that many DICOM viewers can only handle uncompressed raw data. DICOM images can be compressed both by the common lossy JPEG compression scheme (where some high frequency information is lost) as well as a lossless JPEG scheme that is rarely seen outside of medical imaging (this is the original and rare Huffman lossless JPEG, not the more recent and efficient JPEG-LS algorithm). Note that as well as reporting the compression technique (if any), the Transfer Syntax UID also reports the byte order for raw data. Different computers store integer values differently, so called ‘big endian’ and ‘little endian’ ordering. Consider a 16-bit integer with the value 257: the most significant byte stores the value 01 (=255), while the least significant byte stores the value 02. Some computers would save this value as 01:02, while others will store it as 02:01. Therefore, for data with more than 8-bits per sample, a DICOM viewer may need to swap the byte-order of the data to match the ordering used by your computer.
In addition to the Transfer Syntax UID, the image is also specified by the Samples Per Pixel (0028:0002), Photometric Interpretation (0028:0004), the Bits Allocated (0028:0100). For most MRI and CT images, the photometric interpretation is a continuous monochrome (e.g. typically depicted with pixels in grayscale). In DICOM, these monochrome images are given a photometric interpretation of ‘MONOCHROME1′ (low values=bright, high values=dim) or ‘MONOCHROME2′ (low values=dark, high values=bright). However, many ultrasound images and medical photographs include color, and these are described by different photometric interpretations (e.g. Palette, RGB, CMYK, YBR, etc). Some color images (e.g. RGB) store 3-samples per pixel (one each for red, green and blue), while monochrome and paletted images typically store only one sample per image. Each images store 8-bits (256 levels) or 16-bits per sample (65,535 levels), though some scanners save data in 12-bit or 32-bit resolution. So a RGB image that stores 3 samples per pixel at 8-bits per can potentially describe 16 million colors’ (256 cubed).

B. ezDICOM
The ezDICOM is a software that is easy to use, mature (stable, few if any bugs) and can view a wide range of medical images including proprietary formats as well as images in the DICOM standard. For example, In addition, most free DICOM viewers only read a small subset of the DICOM images available, while ezDICOM can view a broad range of images. In addition to DICOM images, the software will automatically recognize and display Analyze, GE (LX, Genesis), Interfile, Siemens (Magnetom, Somatom) and NEMA images. The greatest strength of ezDICOM is that it is free and open source. There are many variations of medical images ‘in the wild’ – many of these are poorly or incorrectly documented. By being free, ezDICOM has developed a wide user base, and this ensures the quality of the code. Thousands of people have used ezDICOM and sent in unusual and rare images, and the code is now mature and able to read virtually all the popular medical images.

Therefore, the users are the most important strength of this software. It is important to acknowledge the many people who shared their images with the developers. The advantage of being open source is that programmers can modify and improve the code if they want. The project was started by Wolfgang Krug and has been expanded and maintained by Chris Rorden. Development was particularly aided by Earl F. Glynn’s general programming tutorials and David Clunie’s medical imaging FAQ. This software is covered by the BSD open source license. You can distribute both compiled projects and the source code. However, you should also distribute the license (the compiled standalone program makes this easy: the license is built into the ‘about’ window). The license also notes that the software is provided ‘as is’, use it at your own risk. This software attempts to reproduce medical images accurately. However, it is not designed for clinical use: computer monitors can vary tremendously in image quality. All grayscale images are rendered in 256-levels of gray.
The standalone ezDICOM for windows program is a basic but useful tool for viewing medical images. This software will run on computers with Windows 95 or later and requires less than 300 Kb of disk space. To view an image, you simply drag and drop the image onto the program (or you can choose ‘Open…’ from the ‘File’ menu). Despite the ease of use, ezDICOM has a number of powerful features. For example, you can set the brightness and contrast of an image with great precision. You can also animate images that have multiple slices (e.g. see a heart beating over time or see different depths into the brain). The ezDICOM standalone application [version 1, release 19] is free software and is distributed as a compressed zip file – simply extract the files and double click on ezDICOM.exe. Delphi source code is also included, and a personal edition of this compiler is available for free.

D. DCM2JPG console application
DCM2JPG is a simple command-line Windows program. If you drop a file on the program it will create a JPEG version of the file (alternatively, if you name the program ‘dcm2png.exe’ or ‘dcm2bmp.exe’ it will create PNG or BMP format images). You can also call the program from the command line, to do special functions like change the image brightness or contrast (most grayscale DICOM images have much higher precision than can be saved to standard bitmap formats). Another nice feature is the ability to create nice zoomed versions of DICOM images – e.g. save a 128×128 pixel image as a 192×192 pixel bitmap (scaling is done using a bilinear-interpolation method to reduce any jaggy edges). Both a compiled program and the (ezDICOM-based) source code can be downloaded from the internet. The program has some command as follows:
 b Brightness [window center]: a,h,-9999..9999 for auto, header, custom default: auto
 c Contrast [window width]: a,h,0..9999 for auto, header, custom default: auto
 -f Format of Output: b,p,j, txtfor bmp, png, jpg, txt default: jpg
 -o Output Directory, e.g. ‘C:TEMP’ default: source directory
 -s Silent [errors not reported]: y,n for yes or no default: no
14
 -z Zoom of Output, e.g. ”1.5” for 150% zoom default: 1.0

V. Conclusion
This report gave brief description about Picture archiving and communication system PACs. It explains its setup components and how it works through an example of a Radiologic Picture Archiving and Communication System for a Coronary Care Unit. It show also the format of the file extension of the image of the PACs and how it can be shown in ezDICOM software. However, output format of the ezDICOM is can be converted easily to other format according to the requirements such as jpg by using simple software called DCM2JPG console application. It is really interesting in this life to see how science affected the life of the human being.

About the Author

• Senior Telecommunication Specialist in Arab National Bank (ANB).
• B.S Electrical Engineering in 1997 from King Fahd university of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). 
• KFUPM MBA in 2002. 

Stereoscopic (red-cyan) 3D pictures from Google-Earth.

Mag-Lite ST3D016 3-D Cell LED Flashlight, Black $23.32 …

Polar Express 3D Glasses for 3D DVD (3 Pair, Plastic) Extra upgrade Anaglyph $2.72 These are high quality plastic framed glasses with hard lenses (not cardboard). The lenses are RED & CYAN color and are for use with the home 3D version of the home DVD Polar Express or any other 3D DVDs that require RED/CYAN lenses (such as Hannah Montanah). These glasses will NOT work in the movie theaters nor with movies that require magenta/green lenses. The DVD must be the “3D” version….

Florene Décor II – Red Blue Green Laundry Room – Light Switch Covers – single toggle switch $11.75 Red Blue Green Laundry Room Light Switch Cover is new and handcrafted utilizing unique process resulting in a stunning high gloss ceramic-like finish. SET OF MATCHING SCREWS IS INCLUDED giving it a perfect finishing touch. Made of durable metal material….

Esuchen Rd Protein Cream, Original Green Jar Formula 5.1oz $39.99 RD- Protein Ceam instantly smooths and seals the cuticle deposit moisture deeply into the hair shaft and mend split ends, promote shine, bouncy and softness. It contained Silk Protein Complex to avoid damage by wind, sun, color, perm and chloride during swimming. This product is a best-selling, must have! Other seller’s fine print will read “The images displayed may not reflect the current packagi…

New Sealed – RealD Compatible 3D Circular Polarized Glasses for Legend of the Guardians, Resident Evil: Afterlife 3D, Piranha 3D, Toy Story 3 3D $0.01 Take your own 3D Glasses to the Movies!! In a movie theater, the reason why you wear 3D glasses is to feed and separate two different images into your eyes. Two projectors are synchronized and project two respective views. The screen actually displays the two images, and the glasses cause one of the images to enter one eye and the other image to enter the other eye. Our Circular Polarized 3D glas…

Panasonic VIERA G10 Series TC-P50G10 50-Inch 1080p Plasma HDTV $1,599.95 Panasonic TCP50G10 provides the incredible clarity and the best viewing experience, you can now enjoy a complete web entertainment even without your pc. Panasonic has been dedicated to bringing new picture with improved technologies, by addition of Amazon’s VOD streaming video service. The VIERA G10 Plasma series include many features like the Viera cast web menu, Viera image viewer and THX certif…

Cobra XRS 9965 15 Band Radar and Laser Detector $289.92 Super-Xtreme Range Superheterodyne Technology detecting all 15 radar/laser bands with its super-fast lock-on detection circuitryProvides extra detection range and the best possible advance warning to the fastest of POP mode radar guns Featuring Cobra exclusive Touchscreen full-color ExtremeBright DataGrafix Display an 8-point electronic pass Voice Alert and car battery voltage display/low car batt…

Pioneer DEH-2200UB CD Receiver with iPod Direct Control and USB Input $135.00 Pioneer’s DEH-2200UB is an affordable replacement for your bare-bones OEM system, giving you playback of WMA/MP3 files from disc or USB devices, optional direct iPod control, selectable green/red key illumination, and then some. Pioneer Car Audio SystemsPioneer’s Mobile Business Group is known for offering the kind of in-car products that make driving more enjoyable by offering h…

Olympus TG-310 Tough 14.0 MP Digital Camera with 3.6x Wide Optical Zoom and 2.7-Inch LCD, (Blue) $179.00 14 Megapixels, 3.6 x Optical Zoom, 2.7 LCD, Waterproof 3m/10ft, Shockproof 1.5m/ 5ft, Freezeproof -10c/14F…

Nikon COOLPIX L810 16.1 MP Digital Camera with 26x Zoom NIKKOR ED Glass Lens and 3-inch LCD (Black) $279.95 Subjects can be captured in high-quality by the Nikon COOLPIX L810 Digital Camera’s 16MP CCD sensor. This digital camera is capable of HD video recording at 720p to relive candid moments. Manage to capture far away subjects easily as the digital camera comes with a 26x optical zoom. Let the digital camera’s 50MB internal memory save your pictures, and transfer them on SD/SDHC cards for your c…

muvee Reveal $79.95 muvee Reveal is the latest in the muvee franchise which features superior 3D graphic and video quality, full HD support and one-click sharing capabilities. Just add your photos, video and favorite music then select a style. With facial and motion detection, muvee Reveal automatically selects the best scenes and syncs everything to the beat of your music. No more slideshows or dull home movies.

Vizio 42-inch 1080p 120Hz 3D LCD HDTV – E3D420VX $499.99 Bring that intense 3D movie experience home with VIZIO’s 42″ Theater 3D LCD HDTV with VIZIO Internet Apps. You’ll enjoy the same crystal-clear, flicker-free 3D you get in the theater with similar lightweight glasses that are comfortable and significantly more affordable than heavier 3D glasses that need batteries or recharging.

VIZIO 32-inch 3D LCD HDTV – E3D320VX $379.99 Bring that intense 3D movie experience home with VIZIO’s 32” Theater 3D-inch LCD HDTV with VIZIO Internet Apps. You’ll enjoy the same crystal-clear, flicker-free 3D you get in the theater with similar lightweight glasses that are comfortable and significantly more affordable than heavier 3D glasses that need batteries or recharging. 2D content is stunning as well.

Apple iPod Nano 8GB 6G MP3 Player – Green $79.99 The best things in life have a soundtrack, and that’s where iPod nano shines. The easy-to-use Multi-Touch display gives you total control of your music experience. Tap to play, or tap Music to browse your collection by songs, albums, artists, playlists, genres, or composers. You can even customize your Home screens so your music is organized just how you like.With the built-in clip, you can walk, run, ride, or dance with your favorite songs on your sleeve (or pocket, jacket, or bag).

Acer Intel Pentium E6700 3.2GHz 1TB Desktop PC AX1920-UR20P $299.99 Acer AX1920-UR20P Desktop PC comes with these specs: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor E6700, Windows 7 Home Premium, Intel G41 Express Chipset, 4096MB DDR3 Memory, Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X4500HD, 1TB SATA Hard Drive (Green Product – variable RPM), 16X DVD±R/RW SuperMulti Drive, Multi-in-1 Digital Media Card Reader, High Definition Audio with 5.1-Channel Audio Support, 4 – USB 2.0, Keyboard and Mouse, 12.0 lbs.

American DJ Galaxian 3D Effects Light $299.99 This effects light features more than 500 red and green laser beams to help you put on a dazzling light show. Five DMX modes and 3 operational modes provide a creative presentation.

Mad Catz 3D Shot for PlayStation Move (Red) $19.99 Deadly enemies lurk around every corner. Mutants. Nazis. Extra terrestrials. The undead. Mutant zombie Nazis from outer space. Whatever dark forces you conquer, ensure that you save the world and dominate the game with power and precision and arm yourself with the latest innovation in full-motion sensing weaponry. The 3D Shot blaster feels strong and dense in your hands, operates like a real gun and intuitively senses every move you make. The competition doesn’t stand a chance when you combine your sharpshooting skills with the incredible abilities of this red 3D Shot. Pull the spring-loaded trigger and watch your enemies fall to the ground as it instantly activates the motion controller button on your PlayStation Move. Delve into the very middle of the action as your body and your weapon meld to control the action in tandem. Grip the realistic, weighted body and enjoy a completely ergonomically balanced feel in your hands. Victory is always sweet but blasting your enemies away has never felt quite like this before.

Asphalt 3D – Nintendo 3DS $19.99 SynopsisPushing the limits of your Ferrari, the speedometer climbs steadily higher, entering the red zone. You stay focused on the road, weaving between cars, drifting mere inches from the curb. This is no time for playing it safe. The finish line is in sight, and there’s only one car that stands in the way of a glorious win for you. Do you think you have what it takes to win this high-speed, high-stakes race? Climb into the driver’s seat in Asphalt 3D. Select from more than 40 exotic cars and motorcycles, including Ferraris, Lamborghinis, Audis and Ducatis to race with. Customize your vehicle with comprehensive tuning options and more. Designed in stereoscopic 3D, the scenery throughout Rio De Janeiro, Tokyo, Cape Town and 14 other locations jumps out of the screen. Uncover new racing circuits and vehicles as you progress through the game. Use your StreetPass to see how you measure up against other players, and race the viral ghost of top-ranked players to raise your ranking and earn in-game cash. Challenge up to five friends with the game to race in all-out competition over the local wireless. When a simple race isn’t enough, take on high-speed challenges, including Cash Attack, Vigilante, High-Speed Chase, Drift, Time Trail, Duel and Leader of the Pack. Leave the competition in the dust as you get behind the wheel and take to the Asphalt.

Nintendo Nintendo 3DS – Flame Red $169.99 Lose yourself in your handheld games like never before. From humble beginnings with a single screen and a few buttons, the handheld console has transformed to become a window into other worlds. Now, with the Nintendo 3DS you can immerse yourself in the thrills and excitement of your games with vivid colors, brilliant action and 3D visuals. Created for use without cumbersome 3D glasses, the Nintendo 3DS lets you view dynamic visuals and explore worlds that feature true depth with the naked eye. Decide how much 3D you want to see with the Depth Slider, from no 3D all the way to the wonder of maximum 3D. In addition to 3D visuals, the Nintendo 3DS offers a variety of other features to enrich your gaming experience. Operate the bottom touch screen with the telescoping stylus that can be stored within the system. Change your perception of the world around you with fascinating augmented reality games and built-in applications. Take pictures and more with the inward-facing camera and dual outward-facing cameras. When you move the handheld system around, it knows the built-in gyro sensor, motion sensor and pedometer detect movement to enrich your gaming experience. Are you ready to enter a whole new world of handheld gaming?

Samsung 64 Class – Plasma – 1080p – 600Hz – Smart – 3D – HDTV $2299.99 This Samsung plasma TV supports pictures up to 1080p. To build a complete 3D home theater system, we recommend you purchase a 3D Blu-ray player, high-speed HDMI cable and an A/V receiver that is compatible with 3D products. Smart TVGet a world of instant entertainment on this smart TV. Connect to the Internet and stream movies, listen to music and access a wide variety of other content on your HDTV. Learn more about smart products.

Petz Fantasy 3D PRE-OWNED – Nintendo 3DS $24.99 SynopsisEnter an enchanted realm filled with your very own lifelike fantasy pets, where floating islands, magical places and snow-topped mountains are part of the everyday scenery. Prepare for a fantastic Petz experience like you’ve never seen before with unicorns, dragons and red pandas, each arriving with a unique personality and power. Experience a whole new dimension of pet ownership as your new friends react to you in 3D like real pets and watch them bloom into delightful creatures of magic and fantasy. Watch your very own realistic, magical pet come alive in 3D with Petz Fantasy 3D. The power of the Nintendo 3DS brings Petz to life like never before. Watch as your pet reacts to your actions in 3D, from licking you to welcoming you with a raised paw to excited jumps. As you hatch and collect all 20 magical pets, you’ll feed them, clean them and learn their preferences to help them thrive. Explore an immersive and whimsical 3D environment filled with floating islands, snow-topped mountains and magical lands. Play fun mini games and teach your pets their magical powers, including flight, breathing ice and spitting fire. Make sure you keep your secret safe from your parents train your pets to transform into common household objects at a moment’s notice. With Petz Fantasy 3D and the capabilities of the 3DS, having Petz never felt so real.

Frogger 3D PRE-OWNED – Nintendo 3DS $17.99 SynopsisIt’s time to hop to victory and find out once and for all why the frog crossed the road in Frogger 3D. Celebrate the 30th anniversary of the classic run-and-dodge game with a whole new dimension on Nintendo 3DS. Featuring fun new graphics, novel level twists and new friends to help Frogger safely cross the street, Frogger 3D ensures that no frog gets left behind. Join Frogger and his friends as he ventures from the streets and sidewalks of his hometown to new places and exotic locations, including New York, the far east and even outer space. While it’s not easy being green, it’s certainly easier when you have special frog friends to get you through certain levels by helping you destroy obstacles, absorb damage and light the way through the dark. In 60 challenging stages, your mettle is sure to be tested as you run, dodge and dash your way to the other side.

Super Mario 3D Land (Game Guide) – Nintendo 3DS $19.99 SynopsisJoin Mario in a new, eye-popping adventure with stunning 3D visuals. Jump, dash and hover your way through fully rendered 3D environments. Watch out for Goombas with tails and ink-spitting Piranha Plants along the way. With awesome 3D graphics, new and exciting features and help from this fact-packed Game Guide, Mario is more super than ever in Super Mario 3D Land. Prima Games’ official strategy guide to Super Mario 3D Land offers you tips and advice that will help you make your way through 3D Land. Take a gander at detailed maps to make sure that your favorite plumber finds every powerup, hidden area and item in the game. Read up on helpful strategies for completing each level, and study different tactics to gain an edge over Goombas, Piranha Plants and bosses you stumble upon during your adventure. Strap on your suspenders, put on your red cap, twist up your mustache and embark on a thrilling 3D adventure with help from this in-depth Game Guide.

Green Lantern: Rise of the Manhunters PRE-OWNED – Nintendo 3DS $17.99 SynopsisThey were supposed to uphold peace and deliver justice. They were supposed to protect their creators, the Guardians of the Universe, by acting as the first interstellar police force. Instead, the Manhunters focused on doling out punishment and the Guardians had to disband the android unit. Since the exile of the Manhunters, the Guardians have assembled a new police force, the Green Lantern Corps, and equipped each officer with a specially crafted power ring. Faced with the threat of war from the Manhunters, it’s up to you and the other Green Lanterns to defend the universe, preserve peace and deliver justice in the biggest fight of your life. In Green Lantern: Rise of the Manhunters, take on the role of Hal Jordan, a talented but cocky test pilot. Based on the Warner Bros. Pictures’ feature film, Green Lantern: Rise of the Manhunters delivers the superhero experience into your hands on the Nintendo 3DS. As the newest recruit for the Green Lanterns Corps., you must use your power ring to create hard-light constructs that you can use individually or linked together. From Gatling guns to giant fists, this ring will be your greatest weapon. Immerse yourself deep into the Green Lantern universe with the 3DS’ stereoscopic 3D capabilities and multiplane graphics. Soar across the universe to fight in intergalactic battles as you try to stop the Rise of the Manhunters.

Asphalt 3D PRE-OWNED – Nintendo 3DS $17.99 SynopsisPushing the limits of your Ferrari, the speedometer climbs steadily higher, entering the red zone. You stay focused on the road, weaving between cars, drifting mere inches from the curb. This is no time for playing it safe. The finish line is in sight, and there’s only one car that stands in the way of a glorious win for you. Do you think you have what it takes to win this high-speed, high-stakes race? Climb into the driver’s seat in Asphalt 3D. Select from more than 40 exotic cars and motorcycles, including Ferraris, Lamborghinis, Audis and Ducatis to race with. Customize your vehicle with comprehensive tuning options and more. Designed in stereoscopic 3D, the scenery throughout Rio De Janeiro, Tokyo, Cape Town and 14 other locations jumps out of the screen. Uncover new racing circuits and vehicles as you progress through the game. Use your StreetPass to see how you measure up against other players, and race the viral ghost of top-ranked players to raise your ranking and earn in-game cash. Challenge up to five friends with the game to race in all-out competition over the local wireless. When a simple race isn’t enough, take on high-speed challenges, including Cash Attack, Vigilante, High-Speed Chase, Drift, Time Trail, Duel and Leader of the Pack. Leave the competition in the dust as you get behind the wheel and take to the Asphalt.

SONY COMPUTER ENTNMT AMERICA 3D GLASSES $69.99 3D GLASSES

Total 3D Home, Landscape & Deck Premium Suite 12 – Windows $29.99 You’ve read magazines, watched TV programs and attended open houses for inspiration and ideas on how to improve your home. Your head is full of ideas, but you want to visualize a new kitchen or a cozy family room before opening the checkbook. Total 3D Home, Landscape & Deck Premium Suite 12 gives you, the homeowner, the home and landscape design tools to improve, remodel or build a new home right on your computer. With 35 home and landscape design programs and an easy-to-use interface built into this suite, no design experience is necessary to start creating the home of your dreams. Expand your bathroom, open up the living room, put in a crystal-clear swimming pool or shade your home with leafy trees with the design tools included in Total 3D Home, Landscape & Deck Premium Suite 12. No design experience is necessary to begin improving your existing home or design the home of your dreams. Use drag-and-drop technology to create rooms, pools, decks, gardens and more. Choose from thousands of sample home plans, room designs, plants, furnishings and accessories to customize your home. With built-in tips and ideas for building green, you can make sure that your new home is environmentally friendly. Stop wishing and start designing the home you’ve always wanted with this powerful design suite.

Polaroid 3D Cover Small 3D Glasses – Black $45.99 These 3D glasses allow you to experience lifelike 3D content while wearing your optical frames. The 3D circular polarized lenses ensure quality 3D vision.

Gunnar Penta 3D Eyewear $99.99 Experience crisp 3D visuals on most 3D laptops, RealD theaters and passive 3D TVs with these glasses that feature iONik RGB-Z lens tint and MerxioN 3D lens filters for bright, vibrant 3D images. The stainless-steel frame ensures strength and durability.

Sony 3D Glasses – Black $129.98 Learn more about Magnolia Premium Installation These 3D glasses feature active 3D technology to provide a high-definition 3D picture for captivating true-to-life images. The ergonomic design offers comfort for extended use.

Gunnar Midnight 3D Eyewear $149.99 Enjoy professional-quality 3D visuals with these glasses that feature iONik RGB-Z lens tint and MerxioN 3D lens filters for bright, vibrant 3D images with minimal image distortion.

Pentel Sunburst Assorted Metallic Gel Pen (5-Pack) – Red/Blue/Green/Pink/Violet $5.99 Write in red, blue, green, pink and violet with these pens that feature a soft, latex-free grip for writing comfort. Each pen dispenses smooth-flowing gel ink that resists fading.

Samsung 3D Starter Kit $179.99 This 3D starter kit is compatible with select Samsung HDTVs and includes 2 pairs of 3D active glasses for viewing 3D content. The included Blu-ray Discs feature Shrek, Shrek 2 and Shrek the Third remastered in 3D for amazing images.

Gunnar Gliff 3D Eyewear $49.99 Experience stunning 3D visuals on most passive 3D TVs with these glasses that feature iONik RGB-Z lens tint and MerxioN 3D lens filters for bright, vibrant 3D images. The i-FI hard lens coating and magnesium aluminum alloy frame ensure a durable design.

Polaroid 3D Cover Fashion 3D Glasses – Black/Blue $45.99 Wear your optical frames along with these 3D glasses to experience lifelike 3D content on compatible screens and devices. The 3D circular polarized lenses ensure quality 3D vision.

Polaroid VIP 3D Glasses – Black $55.99 These 3D glasses feature wide lenses and a wraparound design for a comfortable fit. Circular Polarizing 3D technology lets you experience lifelike 3D content.

Polaroid Celeb 3D Glasses – Gunmetal $65.99 Experience lifelike 3D content with these 3D glasses that feature 3D circular polarized lenses for use with RealD, Technicolor and other 3D technologies. The lightweight and comfortable design is ideal for prolonged use.

Polaroid Celeb 3D Glasses – Bronze $65.99 Experience lifelike 3D content with these 3D glasses that feature 3D circular polarized lenses for use with RealD, Technicolor and other 3D technologies. The lightweight and comfortable design is ideal for prolonged use.

Rocketfish Passive 3D Glasses by Oakley $59.99 These 3D glasses are compatible with all passive 3D technologies and work in most theaters showing 3D movies. The Oakley 3D Optics technology helps preserve color integrity and extend peripheral vision while minimizing distortion.

Texel Texel Prequel 3D Eyewear $11.99 Experience vivid 3D visuals with these 3D glasses that feature a wide frame to comfortably fit over your prescription eyeglasses.

Mitsubishi 3DGEX103 3D Glasses with Emitter $129.99 The leader in 3D cinema glasses now matches up seamlessly with the leader in the biggest 3D home cinema. XpanD has designed 3D glasses to complete the largest 3D home experience with Mitsubishi televisions. Start the 3D home theater off with the 3DG-EX103: it includes one pair of 3D glasses and an emitter. Additional 3D glasses (3DG-EX 103) can be added as desired to expand the home theater for more viewers. Get immersed in the world of 3D entertainment with Mitsubishi.

Sharp 3D Glasses $59.99 Enjoy a crystal-clear 3D picture with these glasses that feature active liquid crystal shutters for accurate reproduction of 3D images and a rechargeable lithium button cell battery for up to 30 hours of battery life between charges.

Samsung 3D Glasses $19.99 These 3D glasses feature a flexible, ultralightweight frame for comfortable wear and are designed to fit easily over prescription frames.

Sony Rechargeable 3D Active Glasses $69.99 These 3D active glasses feature a wide viewing angle and enhanced color accuracy for an immersive 3D experience. The rechargeable battery provides up to 3 hours of use.

Polaroid VIP 3D Glasses – White/Gray $55.99 These 3D glasses feature wide lenses and a wraparound design for a comfortable fit. Circular Polarizing 3D technology lets you experience lifelike 3D content.

Elite 3D Glasses $59.98 Learn more about Magnolia Premium Installation Experience stunning 3D images with these glasses that feature active liquid crystal shutters for 3D clarity and a rechargeable lithium button cell battery for up to 30 hours of battery life between charges.

Fuji FinePix F750EXR 160-Megapixel Digital Camera – Red $349.99 Capture immersive photos with this FUJIFILM FinePix F750EXR 16.0-megapixel camera that features 3D shooting, so you can create lifelike 3D images. EXR Auto recognizes 58 scenes to optimize camera settings for 103 shooting patterns.

Polaroid Junior Panoramic 3D Glasses – Blue/Silver $45.99 Experience RealD, Technicolor and other 3D technologies with these 3D glasses that feature 3D circular polarized lenses to reproduce lifelike 3D content. The lightweight and comfortable design is ideal for prolonged use.

Polaroid Junior Panoramic 3D Glasses – Black/Silver $45.99 Experience RealD, Technicolor and other 3D technologies with these 3D glasses that feature 3D circular polarized lenses to reproduce lifelike 3D content. The lightweight and comfortable design is ideal for prolonged use.

BOSS Slicer Audio Pattern Processor – Green $229.99 Transform your guitar, bass or keyboard into a pulsating groove instrument with this audio pattern processor which features a harmonic slice feature for percussive melodies and 3D panning and loop record capabilities.

Sony Battery-Operated 3D Glasses for Sony 3D Flat-Panel HDTVs (Small) $149.99 Watch you favorite movies in 3D with these battery-operated 3D glasses that are compatible with select Sony 3D TVs. The adjustable frames ensure a comfortable fit.

Mitsubishi XpanD 3DG-X103 3D Active Shutter Glasses $99.99 The leader in 3D cinema glasses now matches up seamlessly with the leader in the biggest 3D home cinema. XpanD has designed 3D glasses to complete the largest 3D home experience with Mitsubishi televisions. 3DG-X103 can be added as desired to expand the home theater for more viewers. Get immersed in the world of 3D entertainment with Mitsubishi.

Sony 3D Starter Kit – Black $139.98 Learn more about Magnolia Premium Installation This 3D starter kit is compatible with most Sony 3D-ready HDTVs and includes 2 pairs of 3D active glasses for viewing 3D content. The ergonomic design ensures a comfortable fit for extended viewing pleasure.

RealD 3D Glasses (4-Pack) – Black $29.99 These RealD 3D glasses are compatible with most passive 3D TVs, monitors and laptops for wide-ranging use. Durable frames and coated lenses ensure long-lasting use.

LG Cinema 3D Glasses (2-Pack) $24.99 Enjoy a new dimension of entertainment with these 3D glasses designed for use with FPR 3D-ready TVs. A 3D image is created when the glasses alternately pass and block the light to each eye.

Samsung Rechargeable Active 3D Glasses – Black $49.99 Enjoy an immersive 3D experience with these Samsung rechargeable active 3D glasses that feature active 3D technology for stunning image clarity and a rechargeable battery for extending your viewing sessions.

Samsung Battery-Operated Active 3D Glasses – Black $19.99 Experience vibrant 3D images with these Samsung SSG-4100GB battery-operated 3D glasses that feature active 3D technology for stunning image clarity and Bluetooth and RF connectivity for a simple setup.

AKG Over-the-Ear Headphones – Red $99.99 These closed-back, over-the-ear headphones feature padded ear cushions for comfort and reduce ambient noise so you can keep the volume at a safe level. The 3D axis mechanism lets you fold the headphones for compact storage.

Optoma 3D DLP Projector $1499.99 This Optoma HD33 DLP projector features 3D technology to deliver lifelike, immersive images. The 1080p resolution ensures crystal-clear picture quality.Not sure what size projector or screen you need? Learn more.Learn more about how DLP technology optimizes the HDTV experience. (Flash demo)